Planning And Preparation Of International Business Machines

Planning and preparation There are a number of suppliers for every sort of product and in everywhere of the world. The only option is to choose the right supplier and then to set the procedures with him to get the process of development going. Before doing so there should be preparation to understand utterly the purpose of the project and how it is going to be executed. RFP, which is the acronym of request for proposal will determine whether both of the stakeholders - the one giving the contract and the one going to get it - are clear regarding the rules and the regulations. The contracts for the large organization are settled after exerting a lot of efforts. Opting for the right and efficient suppliers is one of component of the RFP plan. The business should be ready to face any factor that has the potential to affect the business. IBM, which is the acronym of International Business Machines, takes full care of making planning (Evans and Lindsay, 1999, Wang and Tai, 2003). It is the crucial factor that determines the future life of the business. Without prediction the management can never be able to determine where it will be heading in the coming time period. It enables the business to get ready for facing the situation arising with the present scenario. Getting ready is not enough to ensure the survival of the business, taking practical steps is what requires to generate a safe future (Crumley and Koufogiannakis, 2002). Manufacturing computers is not an easy task in theShow MoreRelatedProject Feasibility Study1629 Words   |  7 PagesFawaq International School Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Project Feasibility Study In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Technology and Livelihood Ecucation (TLE) IV Submitted by: Danielle Aimee Salaya Catapang IV – Universe Submitted to: Ms. Herna S. Bautista TLE Teacher March 09, 2011 Project Feasibility Study * I. Introduction A. Name of Business The name of the cafà © is HotSpot. B. 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The Problem Of Adolescent Pregnancy - 1800 Words

Danica Tse July 4, 2015 SOC1.1066 Sarah Thompson Social Indicators Rough Draft There are many problems that our society faces today. Despite all the knowledge and technology we have there are still issues that have been in our society for decades. Social indicators that are prevalent today are health care, child welfare, women’s welfare, economics, technology, education, infrastructure and population. The topic of adolescent pregnancy is universal problem in our world today. â€Å"Adolescent pregnancy occurs in all societies, with considerable variation in magnitude and consequences among different countries and regions.† Teenage pregnancy is certainly not unheard of, all nations across the globe have adolescent pregnancies†¦show more content†¦a child means every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier† (as cited in UNFPA, 2013, p.3). Children who are eighteen and under have an adolescent girl- pregnancy. Girls who are pregnant between the ages of ten and nineteen are called adolescent pregnancies. Even though there are two subcategories, most the data represents pregnancies that occur between the age of fifteen and nineteen. Adolescent pregnancies comes with a lot of issues. It is considered a result of mother and child mortality and teenage pregnancies can leave to reduced quality of life, health concerns, and poverty. Many factors contribute to adolescent pregnancy, each nation have variations of factors that involved in this social indicator. In a socioeconomic aspect, â€Å"The link between adolescent childbearing and two aspects of social and economic development, degree of urbanization, measured by the type of place in which young women live (urban or rural), and educational attainment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Singh, 1998,p.126) In more developed countries, it is more likely for teenage girls to live in an urban setting and obtain a higher level of education. Those factors result in a lower number of adolescent pregnancies. Typically, more modernized countries do not favor giving birth at a young age because girls need an advancement in education

Formal and Informal Organisations Management Free Essays

Introduction This essay is based on Formal and Informal organisations and the details and difference between the two. Recommendations and conclusions are also drawn based on the information presented. Formal and Informal Organisations The fundamental concepts of formal and informal organisations are regarded with the nature and processes in the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal and Informal Organisations Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now A formal organization is the actual framework of the organization including its organizational chart and its chain of command which determines accountability. However, within the informal organization, otherwise known as the ‘grapevine’ in a business, is the familiar working relationships that are established in the business place and contributes significantly to work culture. (Reingold, 2007) The real purpose of an organizational chart is to effectively outline the structure of the formal organization. It shows who is accountable to whom, from the top management to middle management and front line employees. It also shows the horizontalrelationships of the different functional and operational divisions and department personnel. This chart consists of the functional framework and is important in the workplace to establish stability, clarity in work relationships and reporting standards between supervisors and subordinates. (Parker, 2002) Although top management in some businesses does not take into account, the actuality of informal organizations when trying to determine culture, it does have an essential influence on work dynamism. Workers interact with each other at different intervals and in different situations such as lunch, in the break room, and even after work. These encounters can greatly influence the level of the sense of belongingness each employee experiences or feels in the working environment. If it is that these encounters are generally negative, the quality of work ethics and morale will be very poor. (Reingold, 2007) Understanding the direct reporting relationships outlined in the organizational chart is often less important than knowing the ‘go-to people’ in the company. For ambitious employees, this may mean looking beyondimmediate coworkers and managers and finding helpful mentors and internal coaches that want to help them succeed. Information communication networks are also useful tools in learning how the company works just beyond what is conveyed from top management. It is important to note that when front line employees get prompted into management positions they often forget the significance in striking a balance between the formal structure and informal networks within the business. Disciplined structure and clear reporting relationships are important. However, management also has a lot to gain by remembering that informal networks are real and is of much use. Managers can maximize insight on how employees feel towards their jobs and how functional terms are operating through familiar conversations. While formal relationships are key to accomplishing organizational and departmental goals and objectives they are sometimes restrictive to open interactions. (Parker M. , 2003) An example of a formal organization would be the Jamaica National Building Society which has clear concise goals written and duly communicated. It is a registered financial institution that provides service to the public in a very organized and structured manner both in physical space and information management. An example of an informal organization would be a study group where interactions are familiar and there is no legal framework or organizational structure that governs the operations of the group. In businesses, employees are both part of the formal organization as well as the informal. A sales clerk in a marketing company is part of the formal structure of the business and is given a job description and specification but can also be part of an informal organization within the same business such as a partner group. Recommendation Individuals in an organization normally work according to the structure prescribed by formality. However, at the same time, they develop other relationships in the organization, which may be deeply grounded on personal rather than work related principles. Both formal and informal organisations exist in all businesses and can impact their operations in negative and positive ways. My preference and recommendations with regards to choosing between the two would be the formal organization as it has many advantages. It constitutes the fundamental structure of the delegation of work and responsibilities. Without a structure it would be very difficult for employees to agree between themselves and their roles and functions and such problems multiply in large amounts with the increase in size of the organization. In addition to this, formal organisations generate clarity of what support and input each employee can expect form others and in turn what is expected of him/her by others. Extreme discipline is promoted in the business and so employees have respect for each other. In formal organisations it is easier to review and revise the organization with changing requirements. It provides a framework or structure for laying down pay scales and taking other decisions linked to organizational levels. It also helps in other human resources development activities such as recruitment, promotions, career planning and development and manpower planning. Conclusion Formal organisations are characterized by a chain of command and empowered individuals to enforce agreed upon rules. Rotary clubs and boy scouts are examples of formal organisations. They both have a charter stating their place and function in society. On the other hand, an informal organization is one where the participants have no empowered central leader who has the power to enforce rules on the group. References Parker, A. (2002). Myths about Informal Networks. Sloan Management Review , 345-350. Parker, M. (2003). The Psychological Foundations of Business Administration. The Early Siciology of Management and Organisations , 216-235. Reingold, J. (2007). Hidden Workplace. Comments on organisation , 706-811. How to cite Formal and Informal Organisations Management, Papers

Public Transport in London and Paris

Question: Compare between the public transport of London and Paris? Answer: The transportation system of London and Paris is very good, as London and Paris is one of the developed cities in England and France. In this essay, we will discuss the transportation system of London and Paris and also make the similarities and the differences between the transportation systems of these two cities. The transportation in London includes; Underground Railways, Double Decker Buses, Docklands Light Railways, Overground Railways and River services. The public service system in terms of transportation in London makes the city more developed than other cities. The transportation system of Paris includes trains, trams, buses and metro. People also use cycles as a transportation system in Paris. It is one of the popular transportation systems for the people in Paris. Both in London and Paris, the transportation system are very advance, and the general people used these transportation facilities very well. The general people of London and Paris use the public transport system for their day to day life for the local transportation. At first we will discuss the similarities about the transportation facilities uses by the general public of London and Paris. The general public of London and Paris use buses, trains and underground railways for their day to life transportation, as these two transportation systems are common in both the cities (Khan, 2010). The fair of London is much more than Paris. People of London used to make monthly fares system that helps them for travelling purpose within the London city. The people of Paris also make monthly fares system for their travelling purpose, but it takes much cheaper price than that of London. Both in London and Paris there is a monthly card system available for the public transport system. In Paris by using monthly card system general people can travel unlimited in all direction, but it depends on the chosen location and stage. While in London people cannot used their monthly card unlimitedly for travelling in all direction. In London, there is a new card system in which, the card deducts the money by calculating the travelling time and the distance. But at the same time, there is the certain cost that will deduct from the card, no matter how many times people travels. In Paris, the cost of travelling also includes VAT, while on the other hand VAT is not there for transportation (Dabla nc, Diziain and Levifve, 2011). Both the transportation system of London and Paris includes train for the public services. According to the (Buzsi and Csete, 2015) In Paris there are sixteen tube lines in which there are around 303 stations and which covers a network of 220 kilometers and near about 1500 million people used to travel per year. In London, there are 11 tube lines in which there are around 250 stations that cover a network of 400 kilometers and near about 1250 million people used to travel per year. If we talk about the buses than in London city, there are more buses than Paris, and it provides its services to the public of London more than two times in comparison with Paris. Other than these, there are more transportation facilities in London and Paris, and almost every mode of transportation is more advance in London than Paris except few. In London, the organization those who are dealing with the public services in regarding with transportation is more accurate and advance, as they are using new te chnologies for continuous improvement of the transportation. The transportation in Paris is also advanced than other cities but not as good as London, and they are also taking less fair in comparison with the London city (Sloan and Sloan, 2011). The public transportation of London also gives advantages to the students of London city, as they provide their services to the student in cheaper cost. This is also common in the transportation system of Paris; they are also providing discounts to the students of Paris. In London, the bus transportation provides their services in all day and night, whereas the bus transportation system of Paris stops for some hours in the night. The transportation facilities for the students of London are very helpful for them, as they can travel by buses throughout the day and night with a discount. In the other hand, the students of Paris city may suffer while travelling in the night, as the bus transportation stop during the night. Both in London and Paris, the transportation system are very advance, and the general people used these transportation facilities very well. The general people of London and Paris use the public transport system for their day to day life for the local transportation. It can be concluded that the transport system of London and Paris is of very high quality and is very healthful for the travelers of the country. General vehicles such as buses, trains, and underground railways are used by the people of London and Paris in case of transportations. The fare structure of Paris is much cheaper than that of London. Facility of the monthly card system for the public transport is available in both the countries, but it is not unlimited for every direction. Also, a new card system facility is present in London in which the money is deducted regarding the time and distance travelled by the public. Also, there is a reduction of the minimum price that does not matter with time. VAT system is included in the travelling cost of Paris. Trains are also available in the transportation service of both the countries. Regarding the train services, tube lines provided in Paris is about 16 whereas in London it is about 11. From the discussion provided in the essays, muc h other information regarding the transportation system of London and Paris can also acquired which help the general public in case of travelling. So we can conclude that the transportation system of London and Paris are advance and help the public for their day to day transportation. References Buzsi, A. and Csete, M. (2015). Sustainability Indicators in Assessing Urban Transport Systems. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. Dablanc, L., Diziain, D. and Levifve, H. (2011). Urban freight consultations in the Paris region. European Transport Research Review, 3(1), pp.47-57. Khan, A. (2010). Bayesian predictive travel time methodology for advanced traveller information system. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 46(1), pp.67-79. Sloan, K. and Sloan, T. (2011). Dispersion of continuous improvement and its impact on continuous improvement. International Journal of Technology Management, 55(1/2), p.43.