Evaluation of the Fractal Dimension of a Crystal :: Chemistry Chemical Papers

Evaluation of the Fractal Dimension of a Crystal Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of voltage and molarity changes on the fractal dimension of a Cu crystal formed by the re-dox reaction between Cu and CuSO4. Using the introductory information obtained from research, the fractal geometry of the Cu crystals was determined for each set of parameters. Through the analysis of data, it was determined that the fractal dimension is directly related to the voltage. The data also shows that the molarity is inversely related to the fractal dimension, but through research this was determined to be an error. Introduction A fractal is a geometric pattern that is repeated indefinitely that it cannot be represented with typical mathematics. Fractals can be seen in nature in the way minerals develop over time, the manner in which trees limbs shoot from the trunk, and the development of the human body (i.e. the lungs)1. These fractals determine a way to attempt to simplify the randomness of the universe via probability and theories regarding diffusion and intermolecular attractions. The way dimensions in typical geometry are the typical 0-D, 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D. However, much matter does not fit these basic categories. A great example is a snowflake. If the negligible depth of a snowflake were ignored, it would be considered a 2-D object. However this is not completely true. A 2-D object can always be described by a finite number of tiles all in the same plane, because the snowflake cannot be described with only planes and also requires lines, it can be assumed it possesses properties of both a 1-D and 2-D object. A snowflake can be loosely approximated as a ~ 1.5-D object. This is fractal dimension of the object. In order to determine a more exact fractal dimension of an object, smaller and smaller pieces are zoomed in upon and used to determine a rough estimate of the amount of pieces that exhibit the same pattern (self-similarity) as the whole object. The relationship between the zoom and self similarity of the object determine the fractal dimension:

Why Support the Kidney Care Quality and Improvement Act

For the past years, health and health care have transformed to become the dominant economic and political issues in the United States and many other countries. Because most nations have experienced rapid rises in health care spending over the past 30 years, governments have assisted patients in their countries because the cost is simply becoming unaffordable for them.During the earlier times, provision of health care was a relatively simple matter. Doctors carried most of the equipment they used in a black bag and the same doctor was likely to attend a patient for most, or all, of her or his life. During those days the range of medical and surgical interventions was quite modest. Today, sophisticated diagnostic technology complements an extensive array of medical and surgical options making medical care a very complex, highly specialized, and costly commodity.One of the most alarming diseases that had burdened American people is kidney failure. According to a U.S. Newswire report (16 March 2005),   approximately 400,000 Americans currently suffer from kidney failure and of those, around 300,000 require dialysis several times a week, for an average of 3.5 hours per session. At the current rate of new cases — many the results of diabetes, obesity and hypertension — the number of patients is expected to quadruple to more than 2.2 million by the year 2030. Many experts recommended that early detection and better disease management is regarded as the best means to delay the onset of kidney failure.Definitely, kidney function is essential for life. Once a person’s own kidneys fail, some form of treatment is necessary if they are to go on living. Currently, there are two forms of treatment – dialysis (in which the kidney function is taken over by artificial means) and transplantation (in which another person’s kidney is used instead). Successful treatment – by dialysis or a transplant – now gives people with kidney fa ilure a new lease of life, sometimes for many years (Stein 2002, p. 122).However, death can be inevitable. Patients and families usually want to know how long a person can survive with untreated end-stage kidney failure. This too is variable, depending on the extent to which their old kidneys are working – and therefore the amount of urine that they pass. The kidneys may be able to get rid of some excess fluid, but unable to process waste products such as creatinine and urea, or salts such as potassium. It is the build-up of these substances in the blood (especially the potassium) that usually leads to death. This is why dialysis represents the success of our knowledge and skill in conquering a kidney illness. Dialysis is all about life. And, it could cost an insurmountable amount of money when someone goes to dialysis three times a week for the rest of his or her lifeIndeed, there is an immediate need to improve the government’s program that provides dialysis care for those with kidney failure. This is why the members of the U.S. House and U.S. Senate introduced bipartisan legislation to update the End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program, which 75 percent of the nation's dialysis patients rely on to live.This is called The Kidney Care Quality and Improvement Act of 2005, sponsored by Senators Rick Santorum and Kent Conrad, and Representatives William Jefferson and Dave Camp. This legislation would update Medicare's composite rate for ESRD — which does not automatically adjust for inflationary increases — as well as provide for important education and preventative programs to help stem the rising tide of kidney failure in the United States (U.S. Newswire, 16 March 2005).The primary reason for health care is to prevent or cure diseases or attend to people with chronic or terminal illnesses. It may be possible, however, for health care costs to undermine the soundness of what our pockets can afford, and such an eventuality would be und esirable. Hence, a pressing issue entails how to achieve a situation in which expensive medical care can continue to be available while, at the same time, the total cost of health care is scaled back so as to keep this cost in line with the overall rate of skyrocketing prices.For instance, Talladega in Alabama has only two dialysis units and there are almost 100 patients that cramp the two units. With The Kidney Care Quality and Improvement Act of 2005 patients will be assured for better care among patients stricken with kidney disease through improvements in Medicare and enhanced education programs, which would prevent numbers in Talladega County from growing any more. Although the act currently sits in a Senate committee awaiting approval, that’s not stopping local doctors from offering warnings to at-risk patients.Ghayas Habash, a nephrologist, said that the main thing people need is to get the message across to people at risk for kidney failure, those with diabetes, hyper tension, black people and those with a family history. If only we address these people aggressively, we can prevent a lot of kidney failure (Casciaro, 18 August 2005).True enough, medical costs have more than doubled over the last decade, and health insurance premiums have risen nearly five times faster than wages. Americans are spending far more on health care than residents of any other industrialized country while receiving lower-quality care overall. Meanwhile, big U.S. businesses that provide health coverage to workers complain that the high costs are crippling their ability to compete with companies abroad whose workers get government-subsidized care.The Bush administration is encouraging consumers to switch to consumer-directed health plans, whose high co-payments would force them to shop for more cost-effective care. But critics argue that individuals can do little to control costs. Instead, they argue, the plans would primarily benefit the wealthy and that society must make hard choices about which care should be paid for by public and private dollars (Clemmit, 7 April 2006).The overwhelming amount of health care purchased in the United States is paid for by the government through Medicare and Medicaid or by privately owned health-insurance companies. Both Medicare-Medicaid and health insurance firms employ personnel, process claims, and issue payments. Their procedures and personnel are expensive and add to the cost of health care without actual medical benefit to anyone.Proposals have been made to dismantle the so-called third party infrastructure and change to a single-payer system in which government would provide and pay for health care. Taxes would be adjusted to cover the costs and administrative bureaucracy would be kept to a minimum so as to maximize efficiency. While a single-payer system has obvious merits, a national consensus in favor of such a system has not emerged. Thus, the problem of health care dollars paying for administrative infr astructure remains, and there is no clear indication as to how to resolve it.For kidney patients, The Kidney Care Quality and Improvement Act of 2005 is long overdue because dialysis is not an option but a necessity for them to continue living. This legislation modernizes the Medicare ESRD program by: ·    creating public and patient education initiatives to increase awareness about Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and to help patients learn self-management skills; ·      ensuring patient quality through improvements in the ESRD payment system, including establishing an annual update framework and evaluating the effect of the new Physician Fee Schedule G-code visit requirements; ·      providing Medicare coverage for CKD education services for Medicare-eligible patients; ·    establishing an outcomes-based ESRD reimbursement demonstration project; ·    aligning incentives for physician surgical reimbursement for dialysis access to promote quality and lower costs;  ·      establishing a uniform training for patient care dialysis technicians; and ·    improving ESRD coverage by removing barriers to home dialysis and creating an ESRD Advisory Committee (RPA Website, 2006).Some critics have argue about the use of CKD education. In deeper analysis, CKD education is very crucial because people need to know the things about it prior to developing kidney failure but there is no funding for education that could have helped prolong your kidney function. This Act will be beneficial not only for CKD patients, but also for people who may be at risk. This act will definitely enable people that you (or your loved one) can get more treatments. With the current policy, most people cannot avail the dialysis they need because Medicare doesn't pay for more than 3 treatments a weekAs quality of care is everyone’s privilege, Medicare reimbursement should be updated annually for dialysis clinics just like it is for other providers. Medicare's low reimbursement could result to employer health plans paying more than their share and private companies have to pay higher. This would be a heavy burden for people with CKF because they need to pay higher premiums or their health coverage is reduced, or sometimes employees with CKF or employees that have dependents with CKF have the risk to lose their jobs because of the high costs on their part.Kidney patients need life-saving treatments that need to be improved because their lives are on the line and it is sapping them out of their funds because of the costs. Enacting Kidney Care Quality and Improvement Act of 2005 should therefore be prioritized and Congress should not think twice. Everything should be done to help CKF patients combat this lethal disease, and support them with all our efforts to get better treatments before it is too lateReferencesClemmitt, M. (2006, April 7). Rising health costs. CQ Researcher, 16, 289-312. Retrieved September 12, 2006, from CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2006040700.Renal Physicians Association (RPA). (2006). The Kidney Care Quality and Improvement Act of 2005 Bill #S.635. Retrieved September 12, 2006, from RPA Website at http://capwiz.com/renalmd/issues/bills/?bill=7319331&size=fullStein, A. (2002). Kidney Failure Explained. London: Class Publishing.U.S. Newswire. (2005, March 16). Members of Congress Announce Bipartisan Legislation to Update, Improve Kidney Care Quality and Ensure Access to Dialysis. Retrieved September 12, 2006 at http://www.prnewswire.com/products-services/reach-us-media-bloggers.htmlpublic-interest-newslines-2.htmlGetRelease.asp?id=44507

University of Notre Dame Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Notre Dame is a private Catholic research university with an acceptance rate of 17.7%. Located near South Bend, Indiana, Notre Dame is about 90 miles east of Chicago. The universitys  1,250 acre  campus has two lakes and 137 buildings including Main Building with its recognizable Golden Dome.  In athletics, many Notre Dame Fighting Irish teams compete in the NCAA Division I  Atlantic Coast Conference.  Notre Dame accepts both the Common Application and Coalition Application for admission. Considering applying to Notre Dame? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including the average SAT/ACT scores of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, the University of Notre Dame had an acceptance rate of 17.7%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 17 were accepted, making Notre Dames admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 20,371 Percent Admitted 17.7% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 57% SAT Scores and Requirements Notre Dame requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 40% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 690 760 Math 710 790 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Notre Dames admitted students fall within the top 7% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Notre Dame scored between 690 and 760, while 25% scored below 690 and 25% scored above 760. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 710 and 790, while 25% scored below 710 and 25% scored above 790. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1550 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Notre Dame. Requirements Notre Dame does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Notre Dame participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject test scores are not required but may be submitted if you believe they will improve your overall application. ACT Scores and Requirements Notre Dame requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 60% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 33 35 This admissions data tells us that most of Notre Dames admitted students fall within the top 2% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Notre Dame received a composite ACT score between 33 and 35, while 25% scored above 35 and 25% scored below 33. Requirements Notre Dame does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Notre Dame superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA Notre Dame does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Notre Dame Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Notre Dame. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of Notre Dame has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Notre Dame has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule which includes AP, IB, and Honors coursework. More than two-thirds of applicants to the University of Notre Dame get rejected, and most successful applicants have GPAs and standardized test scores that are well above average. In the graph above, the blue and green data points represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of admitted students had GPAs in the A range, SAT scores of about 1300 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 28 or above. However, many students with high GPAs and test scores still get rejected from Notre Dame.  If your academic record includes more than a few B grades and your standardized test scores arent stellar, you should consider Notre Dame a  reach school. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Notre Dame University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Planning And Preparation Of International Business Machines

Planning and preparation There are a number of suppliers for every sort of product and in everywhere of the world. The only option is to choose the right supplier and then to set the procedures with him to get the process of development going. Before doing so there should be preparation to understand utterly the purpose of the project and how it is going to be executed. RFP, which is the acronym of request for proposal will determine whether both of the stakeholders - the one giving the contract and the one going to get it - are clear regarding the rules and the regulations. The contracts for the large organization are settled after exerting a lot of efforts. Opting for the right and efficient suppliers is one of component of the RFP plan. The business should be ready to face any factor that has the potential to affect the business. IBM, which is the acronym of International Business Machines, takes full care of making planning (Evans and Lindsay, 1999, Wang and Tai, 2003). It is the crucial factor that determines the future life of the business. Without prediction the management can never be able to determine where it will be heading in the coming time period. It enables the business to get ready for facing the situation arising with the present scenario. Getting ready is not enough to ensure the survival of the business, taking practical steps is what requires to generate a safe future (Crumley and Koufogiannakis, 2002). Manufacturing computers is not an easy task in theShow MoreRelatedProject Feasibility Study1629 Words   |  7 PagesFawaq International School Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Project Feasibility Study In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Technology and Livelihood Ecucation (TLE) IV Submitted by: Danielle Aimee Salaya Catapang IV – Universe Submitted to: Ms. Herna S. Bautista TLE Teacher March 09, 2011 Project Feasibility Study * I. Introduction A. Name of Business The name of the cafà © is HotSpot. B. 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The Problem Of Adolescent Pregnancy - 1800 Words

Danica Tse July 4, 2015 SOC1.1066 Sarah Thompson Social Indicators Rough Draft There are many problems that our society faces today. Despite all the knowledge and technology we have there are still issues that have been in our society for decades. Social indicators that are prevalent today are health care, child welfare, women’s welfare, economics, technology, education, infrastructure and population. The topic of adolescent pregnancy is universal problem in our world today. â€Å"Adolescent pregnancy occurs in all societies, with considerable variation in magnitude and consequences among different countries and regions.† Teenage pregnancy is certainly not unheard of, all nations across the globe have adolescent pregnancies†¦show more content†¦a child means every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier† (as cited in UNFPA, 2013, p.3). Children who are eighteen and under have an adolescent girl- pregnancy. Girls who are pregnant between the ages of ten and nineteen are called adolescent pregnancies. Even though there are two subcategories, most the data represents pregnancies that occur between the age of fifteen and nineteen. Adolescent pregnancies comes with a lot of issues. It is considered a result of mother and child mortality and teenage pregnancies can leave to reduced quality of life, health concerns, and poverty. Many factors contribute to adolescent pregnancy, each nation have variations of factors that involved in this social indicator. In a socioeconomic aspect, â€Å"The link between adolescent childbearing and two aspects of social and economic development, degree of urbanization, measured by the type of place in which young women live (urban or rural), and educational attainment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Singh, 1998,p.126) In more developed countries, it is more likely for teenage girls to live in an urban setting and obtain a higher level of education. Those factors result in a lower number of adolescent pregnancies. Typically, more modernized countries do not favor giving birth at a young age because girls need an advancement in education

Formal and Informal Organisations Management Free Essays

Introduction This essay is based on Formal and Informal organisations and the details and difference between the two. Recommendations and conclusions are also drawn based on the information presented. Formal and Informal Organisations The fundamental concepts of formal and informal organisations are regarded with the nature and processes in the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal and Informal Organisations Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now A formal organization is the actual framework of the organization including its organizational chart and its chain of command which determines accountability. However, within the informal organization, otherwise known as the ‘grapevine’ in a business, is the familiar working relationships that are established in the business place and contributes significantly to work culture. (Reingold, 2007) The real purpose of an organizational chart is to effectively outline the structure of the formal organization. It shows who is accountable to whom, from the top management to middle management and front line employees. It also shows the horizontalrelationships of the different functional and operational divisions and department personnel. This chart consists of the functional framework and is important in the workplace to establish stability, clarity in work relationships and reporting standards between supervisors and subordinates. (Parker, 2002) Although top management in some businesses does not take into account, the actuality of informal organizations when trying to determine culture, it does have an essential influence on work dynamism. Workers interact with each other at different intervals and in different situations such as lunch, in the break room, and even after work. These encounters can greatly influence the level of the sense of belongingness each employee experiences or feels in the working environment. If it is that these encounters are generally negative, the quality of work ethics and morale will be very poor. (Reingold, 2007) Understanding the direct reporting relationships outlined in the organizational chart is often less important than knowing the ‘go-to people’ in the company. For ambitious employees, this may mean looking beyondimmediate coworkers and managers and finding helpful mentors and internal coaches that want to help them succeed. Information communication networks are also useful tools in learning how the company works just beyond what is conveyed from top management. It is important to note that when front line employees get prompted into management positions they often forget the significance in striking a balance between the formal structure and informal networks within the business. Disciplined structure and clear reporting relationships are important. However, management also has a lot to gain by remembering that informal networks are real and is of much use. Managers can maximize insight on how employees feel towards their jobs and how functional terms are operating through familiar conversations. While formal relationships are key to accomplishing organizational and departmental goals and objectives they are sometimes restrictive to open interactions. (Parker M. , 2003) An example of a formal organization would be the Jamaica National Building Society which has clear concise goals written and duly communicated. It is a registered financial institution that provides service to the public in a very organized and structured manner both in physical space and information management. An example of an informal organization would be a study group where interactions are familiar and there is no legal framework or organizational structure that governs the operations of the group. In businesses, employees are both part of the formal organization as well as the informal. A sales clerk in a marketing company is part of the formal structure of the business and is given a job description and specification but can also be part of an informal organization within the same business such as a partner group. Recommendation Individuals in an organization normally work according to the structure prescribed by formality. However, at the same time, they develop other relationships in the organization, which may be deeply grounded on personal rather than work related principles. Both formal and informal organisations exist in all businesses and can impact their operations in negative and positive ways. My preference and recommendations with regards to choosing between the two would be the formal organization as it has many advantages. It constitutes the fundamental structure of the delegation of work and responsibilities. Without a structure it would be very difficult for employees to agree between themselves and their roles and functions and such problems multiply in large amounts with the increase in size of the organization. In addition to this, formal organisations generate clarity of what support and input each employee can expect form others and in turn what is expected of him/her by others. Extreme discipline is promoted in the business and so employees have respect for each other. In formal organisations it is easier to review and revise the organization with changing requirements. It provides a framework or structure for laying down pay scales and taking other decisions linked to organizational levels. It also helps in other human resources development activities such as recruitment, promotions, career planning and development and manpower planning. Conclusion Formal organisations are characterized by a chain of command and empowered individuals to enforce agreed upon rules. Rotary clubs and boy scouts are examples of formal organisations. They both have a charter stating their place and function in society. On the other hand, an informal organization is one where the participants have no empowered central leader who has the power to enforce rules on the group. References Parker, A. (2002). Myths about Informal Networks. Sloan Management Review , 345-350. Parker, M. (2003). The Psychological Foundations of Business Administration. The Early Siciology of Management and Organisations , 216-235. Reingold, J. (2007). Hidden Workplace. Comments on organisation , 706-811. How to cite Formal and Informal Organisations Management, Papers

Public Transport in London and Paris

Question: Compare between the public transport of London and Paris? Answer: The transportation system of London and Paris is very good, as London and Paris is one of the developed cities in England and France. In this essay, we will discuss the transportation system of London and Paris and also make the similarities and the differences between the transportation systems of these two cities. The transportation in London includes; Underground Railways, Double Decker Buses, Docklands Light Railways, Overground Railways and River services. The public service system in terms of transportation in London makes the city more developed than other cities. The transportation system of Paris includes trains, trams, buses and metro. People also use cycles as a transportation system in Paris. It is one of the popular transportation systems for the people in Paris. Both in London and Paris, the transportation system are very advance, and the general people used these transportation facilities very well. The general people of London and Paris use the public transport system for their day to day life for the local transportation. At first we will discuss the similarities about the transportation facilities uses by the general public of London and Paris. The general public of London and Paris use buses, trains and underground railways for their day to life transportation, as these two transportation systems are common in both the cities (Khan, 2010). The fair of London is much more than Paris. People of London used to make monthly fares system that helps them for travelling purpose within the London city. The people of Paris also make monthly fares system for their travelling purpose, but it takes much cheaper price than that of London. Both in London and Paris there is a monthly card system available for the public transport system. In Paris by using monthly card system general people can travel unlimited in all direction, but it depends on the chosen location and stage. While in London people cannot used their monthly card unlimitedly for travelling in all direction. In London, there is a new card system in which, the card deducts the money by calculating the travelling time and the distance. But at the same time, there is the certain cost that will deduct from the card, no matter how many times people travels. In Paris, the cost of travelling also includes VAT, while on the other hand VAT is not there for transportation (Dabla nc, Diziain and Levifve, 2011). Both the transportation system of London and Paris includes train for the public services. According to the (Buzsi and Csete, 2015) In Paris there are sixteen tube lines in which there are around 303 stations and which covers a network of 220 kilometers and near about 1500 million people used to travel per year. In London, there are 11 tube lines in which there are around 250 stations that cover a network of 400 kilometers and near about 1250 million people used to travel per year. If we talk about the buses than in London city, there are more buses than Paris, and it provides its services to the public of London more than two times in comparison with Paris. Other than these, there are more transportation facilities in London and Paris, and almost every mode of transportation is more advance in London than Paris except few. In London, the organization those who are dealing with the public services in regarding with transportation is more accurate and advance, as they are using new te chnologies for continuous improvement of the transportation. The transportation in Paris is also advanced than other cities but not as good as London, and they are also taking less fair in comparison with the London city (Sloan and Sloan, 2011). The public transportation of London also gives advantages to the students of London city, as they provide their services to the student in cheaper cost. This is also common in the transportation system of Paris; they are also providing discounts to the students of Paris. In London, the bus transportation provides their services in all day and night, whereas the bus transportation system of Paris stops for some hours in the night. The transportation facilities for the students of London are very helpful for them, as they can travel by buses throughout the day and night with a discount. In the other hand, the students of Paris city may suffer while travelling in the night, as the bus transportation stop during the night. Both in London and Paris, the transportation system are very advance, and the general people used these transportation facilities very well. The general people of London and Paris use the public transport system for their day to day life for the local transportation. It can be concluded that the transport system of London and Paris is of very high quality and is very healthful for the travelers of the country. General vehicles such as buses, trains, and underground railways are used by the people of London and Paris in case of transportations. The fare structure of Paris is much cheaper than that of London. Facility of the monthly card system for the public transport is available in both the countries, but it is not unlimited for every direction. Also, a new card system facility is present in London in which the money is deducted regarding the time and distance travelled by the public. Also, there is a reduction of the minimum price that does not matter with time. VAT system is included in the travelling cost of Paris. Trains are also available in the transportation service of both the countries. Regarding the train services, tube lines provided in Paris is about 16 whereas in London it is about 11. From the discussion provided in the essays, muc h other information regarding the transportation system of London and Paris can also acquired which help the general public in case of travelling. So we can conclude that the transportation system of London and Paris are advance and help the public for their day to day transportation. References Buzsi, A. and Csete, M. (2015). Sustainability Indicators in Assessing Urban Transport Systems. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. Dablanc, L., Diziain, D. and Levifve, H. (2011). Urban freight consultations in the Paris region. European Transport Research Review, 3(1), pp.47-57. Khan, A. (2010). Bayesian predictive travel time methodology for advanced traveller information system. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 46(1), pp.67-79. Sloan, K. and Sloan, T. (2011). Dispersion of continuous improvement and its impact on continuous improvement. International Journal of Technology Management, 55(1/2), p.43.